Rotary motor or pump



LFEURHEERD.

ROTARY MOTOR 0R PUMP,

APPLl-CTION FILED )UNE l0, |919.

Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

E. FEUERHEERD. ROTARY MOTOR 0R PUMP. APPLlcATloN FILED JUNE 1o. 1919.

Patented Aug. 30, 1921.

`5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

E. FEUEHHEERD.

-.HOTARY. MOTOR 0R PUMP. AP'PLIATION FILED-.JUNE lo. |919. A 1,389,189.Patented Aug. 30,1921.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

UNITED STATES ERNST FEUERHEERD, OF WALTON, ENGLAND.

ROTARY Moron on PUMP.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Aug 3Q, 1921.

Application led June 10, 1919. SerialpNo. 303,198.

To all whom it, may concern.'

Be it known that I, ERNEST FEUERHEERD, of Valton, 50 Lower Oldeld Park,Bath, England, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and a resident ofBath,- England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in andRelating to Rotary Motors on Pumps, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to rotary motors or turbines or the like fluidoperated motors,

rotary pumps, gas compressors, vacuum pumps, blowing engines, and thelike, and

while the invention is primarily designed for use as such motors, orturbines, pumps, compressors, engines, and the like, by using inconjunction therewith the necessary control valves or other devices, theapparatus may be used as and for variable speed mechanisms, transmissionor reduction gears, differential gears, fluid' brakes, disengagimgclutches, 'and such other devices wherein this apparatus may be used asa component part or as component parts together with control valves,connections or like devices.

vAccording'to this invention, the apparatus comprises inner and outerelements, these being disposed so that both the inner and the outerelements may be rotated in conjunction with each other, or they may beso disposed that either the inner or the outer elements may be fixed asregards rotary motion eitherthe inner or the outer elements.

then beingthe only ones which may rotate. The inner and the outerelements are disposed eccentrically in relation to each other. and theinner elements are provided with projections of any desired number, suchprojections being either an integral part-of the lnner elements and ofany desired shapeor they may be built up together with the innerelements and be of any desired shape or may be of the roller type or thelike suitably` mounted or carried and in all cases disposedequiangularly relatively to each other. The .outer elements are providedwith a se- 'rie's of recesses also equi-angularly disposed relatively toeach other with which the projections on the inner elements engagesuccessively when rotation takes place, these recesses being of anydesired shape and of any desired number but preferably the num- -berofrecesses in the outer elements are one f more than the number of`projections -on the inner elements for each corresponding pair of.suchA elements.

`- outlet engages each of its projections into succes-v sive recesses inthe. outer element and a differential relative rotational speed is thusset up between the inner and outer elements. This relative rotationalmovement of the inner and outerelements results in a series of pocketsbeing opened and closed `sequentially, these pockets being formedbetween the exterior surfaces of the inner element and the innersurfaces of the outer element and such pockets communicating by way ofports or valves or the like formed or placed in either the inner orouter elements or in both and in a surrounding casing of the apparatuswith the inlet and outlet passages ofthe apparatus. l/Vhen the apparatusis used as a rotary motor or turbine or the like fluid operated motor,the fluid under pressure acting upon the exterior surfaces 'of the innerelement andv uponlthe inner surfaces ofthe outer element drives theinner and outer elements ro'tationally, the resulting power being takenas is desired from either one or the other or from both of theserotary-elements. Or when the apparatus is used as a rotary pump, gascompressor, vacuum pump, blowing engine, or the like, bydriving eitherone or the other or both of the inner and outer elements from an outsidesource of power, the alternate opening and closing of the ckets lbetweenthe surfaces of the inner an outer elements effect the suction anddelivery of the fluid which is .being dealt with.

A form of apparatus in accordance with this invention andas previouslystated is illustrated inFigures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the drawings showing theinvention as it may be applied to rotary motors or turbines or the likefluid operated motors, rotary pumps, gas compressors, vacuum pumps,blowing engines, and the like, or 'as a component part of such otherdevices as are hereinbefore mentioned in which the inner and outerelements are' disposed so Ythat both are rotated in conjunction witheach other. Fig. 1 isa sectional elevation-.of such an apparatus, Fig. 2is a cross section through Fig. r1, Fig. 3'being an exterior side view,Fig. 4 being an end elevation showing inlet and assages, Figs. 3 and 4being to a reduce scale.. `F ig. 5 issa sectional elevavso tion of anapparatus embodying the inven- -tion to produce rota'ry motors orturbines;

Fig. 6 is a cross sectional view thereof; Fig. 7 is an elevation of theexterlor of the said apparatus; Fig. 8 is an end elevation of theinvention, showing the inlet and outlet pas-- sages; Fig. 9 is adiagrammatic view illust-rating the formula for determlning the relationof parts and their configurations, and

Fig. 10 is a sectional view of a modified` construction.

In carrying out the invention as illustrated by the before mentioneddrawings Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the apparatus comprises an inner element 1and an outer element 2l ldisposed equi-angularly relatively to eachother and the outer element is provided with a series of recesses 4, inthis illustration four in number, with which the projection 3 of theinner element successively engages when rotation of the inner and outerelements takes place. The inner element 1 is shown fitted to or formedintegral with the shaft 5. If desired however the inner element may bedisposed upon the shaft 5 in such manner that -while rotary-motion inconjunction with the shaft 5 takes place that it may be free as regardsend motion relatively to the shaft 5. The inner element may beconstructed as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 or it may be divi'fed into aseries of plates or the like or constructed in such alterna-v oiled typeor may be of the ball or roller` type .or as' may be desired to suitspecial working conditions. The removable side cover 8 is provided withtwo chambers 9 vand 10, Figs. 2 and 4, which chamberscommunicate withinlet and outlet passages l1 and 12 and also with the pockets 18 whichlatter are formed between the surfaces of the inner and outer elements 1and 2 when rotary motion takes place. The outer element 2, which may beof channel cross section as shown in ig. 2, is shown provided withsideplates 13, Fig. 2, which are held t o the outer element 2 by bolts14 or maybe attached to the outer element in any other desired manner sothat these side plates partake of the rotary motion of` the outerelement. The side plates 13 project inward at 13 so as to overlap the.periphery of the inner element and bearings are provided for the outerelel'nent 2 by forming with, as shown, or attaching to the side plates13 le side cover 8. The bearings 6 mayy annular flanges or bearing rings15 which are` free to rotate in annular bearing recesses 16 formed inthe casing 7 and in the removable side cover 8. These bearings may be ofthe plain type, as shown in the drawing, or these bearings maybe of thering oiled type or may be of the ball or roller type or as may bedesired to suit special workin conditions. Suitable oil ducts 17 areindicated in the drawing, Fig. 2, for the lubrication of the bearings ofthe inner and outer elements and of the engaging surfaces of the innerand outer elements and the faces of the casing 7 and the removable sidecover 8. If desired one of the side plates 13 may be formed integralwith the outer element 2 or such side )lates may be dispensed withaltogether, t e bearing or bearings of the outer'element being thendisposed around the outer diameter of the outer element and being eitherof the plain cylin'' drical type or of the ball or roller type or asdesired. The inner and outer elements may be provided with bearings oneither side, as illustrated in the drawing Fig. 2, or such bearings maybe. on one side only either as regards one or the other of the elementsor as regards both of same, the bearing or bearings of the outer element2 being disposed eccentrically in relation to the shaft 5 of the innerelement 1. A removable side cover similar to 8 may also be provided onthe .other side of the casing 7 and it may be provided with chamberssuch as 9 and 10 communicating with inlet and outlet passages such as 11and 12 or it may onl'y ave provision for a bearing 0r bearingssupporting the inner and louter elements or both as hereinbeforedescribed and the casing 7 only may be provided with chambers such as 9and 1() or a casing and removable side cover or covers may be soprovided as is desired and the casing 7 may be substantially constructedas shown in drawings or it may be built up or divided in any otherdesired manner and provided with means for sup ort or attachment asshown or with such ot er means as may be desired to suit specialconditions.

When the inner element 1 is caused to rotate about its own center the'bulbous projections 3 on the inner element sequentially enter and recedefrom the recesses 4 in the 'outer element 2, the latter at the same timebeing caused to rotate about its own center but at a relatively slowerspeed to that of the inner element. the number of revolutions of the.elements during any period Varying in proportion to the number ofprojections and recesses on and in the inner and outer elementsrespectively. Vhle rotation as described is taking place pockets 18 arealternately opened and closed. such pockets heilig formed between theexterior surfaces of the inner element 1 and the inner surfaces of theelement 2 and, as shown in y the drawing-Fig. 2, by the faces of theside plate 1-3 of the outer element. Where such plates are dispensedwith the pockets may be bounded laterally by the faces of the casing 7and of the removable side cover 8 or faces adapted to act in like manneras desired. Supposing for instance that the inner element 1 is rotatedin the direction of the arrow, Fig. 1, the outer element 2 will alsorotate in the direction of the arrow and the pocket 18a will haveslightly opened and the pocket 18b will have considerably opened whilethe pocket 18c will have slightly closed and the fourth pocket 18d isapproachingr the position wherein its capacity will be at the minimum,'Each pocket reaches its minimum capacity at the' point during .rotationwhen a radial line drawn through a progection -on theinner elementcoincides with a radial line drawnthrougli a recess in the outer elementand will lincrease and then decrease in its capacity during the rotationof the inner and outer elements until the before mentioned point isagain reached. l The inlet and outlet passages 11 and 12 as previouslymentioned open into or communicate with the semicylindrical chambers 9and 10 which are separated b y the diaphragms 11a. `Therefore as thepockets 18a and 18b are increasing in capacity While being on the righthand side of the diaphragms 11al these pockets are in' communication bymeans of the ports 19 in side plates 13 of the outer element 2 with thechamber 9, or'. by means of Valves or the likesuitably disposed andadapted to communicate with a chamber or chambers having a like purpose,fluid under pressure being admittedby means of inlet passages 1l entersthe pockets 18a and 18*i and acting upon the exterior surfaces of thelinner element .and upon the inner surfaces ofthe outer element causesthe pockets to sequentially increase to their maximum capacity and in sodoing the inner and outer elements rotate about their respectivecenters. At the same time the pockets 18c and 18dare decreasing incapacity While being on the lefthand side of the diaphragms 11 thelatter pockets are in communication by means of the ports 19 in sideplates 13 with the chamber 10,-or by means of valves or the likesuitably disposed and adapted to communicate with a chamber or chambershaving a like purpose, and the pockets 18 and '18(i are therefore whiledecreasing incapacity enabled to discharge or exhaust themselves bywayof chamber l() to the outlet passage 12. The foregoing description'relates to -ro'tary motors or turbines or the like fluid operatedmotors. When however the apparatus is driven from an outside source of-power the action of the pockets is varied as follows. The pockets 18"Land 18h While `increasing in' capacity and being as before described incommunication with the chamber 9 or the like cause a suction action ornegative pressure to develop in the'chamber S) and the inlet passagelland any passages attached thereto. Therefore a fluid as desired may becaused to enter the pockets as these sequentially increase until theyreach their maximum capacity while at the same time the pockets 18 and18dl are decreasing in capacity and being as before described incommunication with -the chamber 10 or the like and the outlet passage 12are enabled to discharge any fluid which may have entered the pocketsformed between the surfaces of the inner and outer elements ashe'reinbefore described. The latter delation to the direction ofrotation, a con- Itinuous opening takes place on the one side of thediaphragme 11EL and a continuous closing takes place on the other sideof these diaphragms. the pockets opening or closing toward right or lefthand of a centei` line passing through the centers of both inner andouter elements while rotation of these elements is taking place, therebyallowing inlet or outlet to take place to and from the pockets by Way ofports or valves or the like communicating with chambers and passagesadapted for such purpose as hereinbefore described and shown.

Taking a single pair of elements disposed so that while the innerelement only mayl be rotated the outer element remains fixed as regardsrotary motion as an instance, the operation is as follows. The innerelement in rotating about' a center eccentrically disposed with relationto the center of the outer .element engages each of its projections intosuccessive recesses in the outer element and 1n so doing the center ofthe inner element describes a circle aroundl the center of .the outerelement. This eccentric path of the inner element results in a series ofpockets being opened and closed sequentially, these pockets being formedbetween the exterior surfaces of the inner element andthe .innersurrfaces of the outer element, and

' cate with chambers which in thelr turn communicate with the inlet andoutlet. passages of the apparatus. When the apparatus is faces of theouter element causes the inner element to be rotated both about its owncenter and eccentrically around the center of the outer element, If theinner element be carried ormounted upon a pin or the like forming partof or adapted to rotate with a shaft centrally disposed relatively tothe outei` element, the resulting power may be taken from such a shaft.lVhen the apparatus is used as a rotary pump, gas compressor, vacuumpump, blowing engine, or the like, by driving the central shaft, whichis adapted as described to carry the inner element around an eccentricpath relatively to such central shaft, from an outside source of power,the alternate opening and closing of the pockets formed between thesurfaces of the inner and outer elements effect the suction and deliveryof the fluid which is being dealt with.

In carrying out the invention as illustrated by the b efore mentioneddrawings,

Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, the apparatus comprises.

an inner element 2() and an outer element 21,

- the inner element being disposed so that itl may be rotated about itsown center while at the same time it describes an eccentric path aroundthe center of theA outer element.

The outerelement is fixed as regards rotary mot-ion and is provided withmeans by which it may be supported or attached in 4any desired position.The inner and outer elements are provided with projections `and recessesrespectively similar to those described and shown in the description anddrawings appertaining to theA apparatus wherein both inner and outerelements may he rotated in conjunction with each other. But in thisinstance the projections on the inner element 20 successively engagewith the recesses in the outer element 21 when the inner element iscaused to describe an eccentric path around the center of the outerelement While at the same time the inner element is caused to rotateabout its own center. The inner element 20 is shown carried or mountedupon a pin 22 forming part of or adapted to rotate with a shaft 23, thepin 22 being disposed eccentrically in relation to the shaft 23. Thebearing of the inner element upon the pin 22 may be of the plain type,as shown in the drawing, or may be of the ring oiled type or may be ofthe.

ball or roller type as may be desired to suit special workingconditions. The inner ele-- ment may he constructed as shown in Fig. 5,or it may be divided into a series of plates or the like or constructedin such alternative manners as may be mentioned and provided. The shaft23 is free to rotate in a bearing :24 provided inthe outer element 2l oradapted to be carried by the outer element. This bearing may be of theplain type, as shown in the drawing, or it may be of the ring oiled typevor may be of the ball or roller type or as may be desired. to suitspecial working conditions. A circular disk or the like 24a is providedand is preferably mounted concentrically relatively to the shaft 23 andis disposed or connected so that it partakes of the rotary motion of theshaft 23. The disk 24 is provided with ports 25a and 25h and is disposedso that it rotates against the face of a removable 'side cover 26. Thiscover is provided with annular chambers 27 and 28, the said chambersbeing adapted so that they communicate with the ports in the disk 24,The annular chambers 27 and 28 'communicate with inlet and outletpassages 29 and3() and also by way of ports in the disk 24a with the'pockets 31, which latter are formed between the surfaces of the innerand outer elements 20 and 21, when rotation of the shaft 23 and theinner element 2() is caused to take place as previously' described. Theouter element 21 is provided with means for support or attachment asshown in drawings or these may be of. any desired type to suit specialconditions. It desired the pin carrying the inner element may he formedas a part of or attached to a double ended shaft, the latter being freeto rotate in suitable bearings provided in the outer element and thelremovable side cover respectively. The outer element may be constructedsubstantially as shown in'the drawings Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, or it may beprovided with removable side covers of suitable type on either side oron both and these removable side covers may be either or both providedwith chambers adapted to communicate with inlet or outlet passagessimilar to those indicated by 29'and 30 on Fig. 8and also by way ofports in a disk or disks, similar to the one shown in Fig. 6, with thepockets 31.

lVhen the inner element 20 is caused to rotate about its own center andat the same time to move in an eccentric path relatively to the vcenterof the outer element the bul# bous projections on they inner elementse,- qnentially enter and recede from the recesses in the outer element21. lVhile such rotation and eccentric movement is taking place pockets31 are alternately opened and closed, such pockets being formed betweenthe exterior surfaces of the inner element 20 and the inner surfaces ofthe outer element 2l. Supposing for instance that the shaft 23 be causedto rotate in the direction of the arrow Fig 5, then the center of theinner element 2() will describe a circle around the center of the Vouterelement 21 while at the same time the inrer element will rotate aboutits own center in a contraverse direction to that of the arrowpreviously mentioned. Then the pocket 3le will have slightly openedandthe pocket 31f will have -considerably opened while the pocket 3lgwill have slightly closed and the fourth pocket 31V is approaching theposition wherein its Capacity will be at the minimum.-

Each pocket reaches its minimum capacity at a point during the rotationof the shaft 23 when a radial line drawn through a projection on theinner element coincides with `a radial line drawn through a recess inthe outer element and will increase and then decrease inl its capacitywhile the inner element describes vthe before mentioned path around thecenter of the outer element until such a coinciding point relating tothe inner and outer elements is again reached. The inlet and outletpassages 29 and 3() as previously mentioned open into or communicatewith the annular chambers 27 and 28 and also by way of ports 25 and25""in the disk 24 with the pockets 31", 31f, 31g and 31h. Therefore thepockets 31e and 31t while increasing in capacity are in communication bywayof the ports in the disk 24 with either one or the other of theannular chambers in the side cover 26 and the pockets 31g and 31h whiledecreasing in ca- Y pacity are in communication by way of the ports inthe disk 24a with either one or the other of the annular chambers linthe side cover 26. When, therefore, fluid under pressure is enabled toenter the pockets 31e and Blf this fluid acts upon the surfaces of theinner and outer elements causing the pockets to sequentially increase totheir maximum capacity and in so doing the inner element is caused torotatey about its own center andy its `center is caused to describe aneccentric path around the center of the outer element and thus giving arotary motion to the shaft 23. At the same time the pockets 31g and 31hwhile decreasing in capacity are in communication by way of the ports inthe disk 24 with either one or the other of the'annular chambers in theside cover 26 and the pockets 31g and 31h are therefore enabled todischarge or exhaust themselves into the passages 29 and 30 and thechambers 27 and 28 being adapted to become either the inlet or theoutlet as is desired relatively to the disposition of the ports 25a and25b in disk 24a. The foregoing description relates to rotary motors orturbines or the like iiuid operated motors. When however such apparatusis driven from an outside source of power the action of the pockets isvaried as follows. The pockets 31e and 3lt while increasing in capacityare enabled to cause a suction action or negative pressure to develop ineither one ory the other of the annular chambers 27 and -28 and ineither one or the other of the passages 29 and 30. Therefore a fluid asdesired may be caused to enter these pockets as these sequentiallyincrease 4 until they reach their maximum capacity while at the sametime the pockets 31g and 3lh are decreasing in capacity and being ashereinbefore described in communication with either one or the other ofthe annular chambers 27 and 28 and with either one or the other of thepassages 29 and 30 are enabled to dischargev any fluid which may haveentered the pockets formed ybetween the surfaces of the inner and outerIn a modification of this invention as applied to the latter instancethe recesses in the outer element or its side face or cover or both ofits side covers may be provided with ports or with inlet or outletvalves or the like or with both, and such ports, valves, orthe likeadapted to communicate with inlet or outlet passages or with both orwith chambers communicatingr with such inlet or outlet passages as isdesired. In such a` modification the ports, valves, or the like,together with such chambers or passages, may be used in conjunction withthe rotating disk or disks hereinbefore mentioned or may be used inplace of such disk or disks. In a further modification of this inventionas applied to the latter instance the inner element may be provided witha port or ports or with `an inlet or outlet valve or valves or the likeor with both and such lports, valves, or the like adapted to communicatewith the sequentially opening and closing pockets formed between theinner and outer elements. In such a mod1icat1on the port or ports orvalve or valves or the like provided on or in the inner element may beused in conjunctlon with ports or valves or the like provided on or inthe outer element cessively with the. projections on the inner elementand in so doing the center of the outer element describes a circlearound the center of the inner element. This eccentric path of the outerelement results in a series of pockets being opened and closedsequentially, these pockets being formed between4 the exterior surfacesof the inner element and the inner surfaces of the outer element, andthese pockets communicate with ports or valves or the like formed ordisposed on or in either the inner or the outer elements or both or in adisk or disks or the like adapted to rotate in conjunction with theouter element Aand either concentrically or eccentrically with thecenter of the inner element as is desired or in all or any of suchelements or disk or disks and `such ports, valves, or the like being sodisposed that they communicate with the inlet and outlet passages of theapparatus. lVhen the appa-- ratus is used as a rotary motor or turbineor the like fluid operated motor, the fluid under pressure acting uponthe exterior surfaces of the inner element and upon the inner surfacesof the outer element causes the outer element to be rotated both aboutits own center and eccentrically around the center of the inner element.And as the outer element may be carried or mounted upon a pin or pins orthe like forming part of or adapted to rotate with a shaft centrallydisposed relatively to the inner element, the resulting power may betaken from such a shaft or may be taken from the outer element insuchmanner as is desired. Or when the apparatus is used as a rotary pump,gas compressor, vacuum pump, blowing engine, or the like, by drivingfrom an outside source either the outer element or a central shaft whichmay be adapted as described to carry the outer element around aneccentric patlrrela'- tively to such central shaft. the alternateopening and closing of the pockets formed between the surfaces of theinner and outer elements effect the suction and delivery of the Huidwhich is being dealt with. A casing or the like ma v be used eitherpartially or wholly inclosing the inner and outer elements and suchcasing may be provided with chambers or the like so disposed and adaptedas to communicate with the ports or valves or the like previouslymentioned and with the inlet or outlet passage or passages or both ofthe apparatus.

In all the foregoing instances and modifications thereof the surfaces ofboth the inner and the outer elements are so disposed and adapted thatthey remain in close proximity to or ltouching each other at such pointsduring the rotation as is necessary to eifectively form the sequentiallyopening and closing pockets and also so that the inner and outerelements may rotate in conjunction as described in one form of thisinvention or that one or the other may rotate while the other elementremains fixed as regards rotary motion as described in other forms ofthis invention. .And as may be desired or necessary 'the inner or thevouter elements or both or the faces of the ber and the recesses in theouter element are A three in number an equilateral triangle of desiredbase is constructed and the projections on the inner element aredisposed about the ends of the line of the base of the triangle and arepreferably of radial shape, the centers of the radii being at the endsof such base line, or a line of the same length. The recesses in theouter elementare disposed 'adjacent to the corners of the triangle andmay extend therefrom for a necessary distance -upon lines drawn fromthecenter of the triangle through the corners of the triangle.

Then the projections'on the inner element are three in number and therecesses in the outer element are four in number a square of desiredbase is'constructed and upon itsbase line and inside the square is alsoconstructed an equilateral triangle. The projections on the innerelement are disposed about the corners ofthe triangle, or of a triangleof the same size, and are preferably of radial shape, the centers of theradii being at the corners of such triangle, while the recesses in theouter element are disposed adjacent to the corners of the square and mayextend therefrom for a necessary distance upon lines drawn from thecenter of the square through thev corners of the square.

In order that the method of carrying the invention into practice may bemore fully understood, reference is had to the accompanying drawing andparticularly to Fig. 9 thereof, which illustrates the manner o fdetermining the vrelations of parts and their configurations, inexplanation of which the following description is supplied, viz: Thisexplanation gives the determination of three points in the are J e J, inthe articular case illustrated in the diagram, ig. 9, and the followingsteps are to be taken:

1. Construct a square A B 'C D.

2. Construct an equilateral triangle A B E n the base of the square.

i3. Find the center F of the s uare .by drawing the diagonals A C and lD prolonging these diagonals beyond the corners of the square.

4. Draw the vertical M N and the horizontal O P. y

5. Find the center G of the triangle and prolong the dividing lines A 'Gand B G as shown. l

6. Describe a circle with F as center and F A as radius through thecorners of the Square.

7. Describe a circle with G as center and G A as radius through thecorners of the triangle. i

8.y These two circles cut the Vertical line M N below the base of thesquare at X and for convenience, vthis short line shall be called X. y

9. Project X on the diagonals of the square beyond the corners of thesquare, thus obtaining the points a b c and d.

10. Describe circles around the corners of the triangle, the area ofeach of these three circles to be one-fifth of the area of the square.This gives the diameter H.

11. With the same radius describe semicircles with the points a b c andd as centers beyond the corners of the square.

12. Prolong these semi-circles parallel to the diagonals of the squareand in length equal to X, as shown on the accompanying drawing andmarked J.

13. The circumference of the circle around the apex E of the triangle AB E cuts the vertical. M- N at a point marked c; set out this pointequidistant front F on the horizontal O I and on the vertical M N belowthe base of the square.

14. With the height of the triangle as radius, describe the curves J eJ.

15. Describe a circle with F as center of suitable radius, thuscompleting `the outer rotor. i l

16. Set out the point e below the center of the base of the square,equidistant from Gr on the dividing lines of the triangle.

`17. With the base of the square as radius, describe the curves joiningthe circles around the corners of the triangle and passing through e onthe dividing lines of the triangle as shown. This completes the innerrotor. And similar methods are adopted when the projections of the innerrotor areincreased or decreased in diameter.

When the projections on the inner element are four in number and therecesses in the outer element are ve in number a pentagon of desiredbase is constructed and upon its baseline and inside the pentagon isalso constructed a square. The projections on the inner element aredisposed about the corners of the square, or of a square of the samesize, and are preferably of radial shape, the centers of the radii be.

ing at the corners of such square, While the recesses in the outerelement are disposed adjacent to the corners of thepentagon and mayextend therefrom for a necessary distance upon lines drawn from thecenterof the pentagon through the corners of the` pentagon. When theprojections on the inner element are five in number and the recesses 1nthe outer element are six in number a hexagon of desired base isconstructedA and upon its base line and inside the hexagon 1s alsoconstructed a pcntagon. The

.projections on the inner element are disposed about the corners of thepentagon, or

of a pentagon of the saine size, and are preferably of radial shape, thecenters of the radii being at the corners of such pentagon;

while the recesses in the outer element are the innerand outer elementsare greater s,

than those specifically mentioned hereinbefore and relatively to thefiguresv upon or around which the said projections or recesses aredisposed. In all cases the outer ends of the recesses in the outerelements `may be of such desired or necessary shapes as ma be best ada)ted kfor var ino' nirv .Y h

posesl or conditions. And the ,recesses in the outer elements areconnected as between adjacent recesses by curved paths, these pathsbeing constructed so that the projections on the inner elements remainin close proximity to or touching such paths while the projections aresequentially caused to pass from recess to recess by the rotation of theinner or the outer element or of both.

fhen apparatus in accordance with this invention, and generally as isset forth, illustrated or ascertained in the description and drawings,is used as and for rotary motors or turbines or the like fluid operatedVmotors, lrotary pumps, gasA compressors, vacuum pumps, blowing engines,andthe like, such .apparatus may be used singly or a combination orcombinations of such appa# ratus may be used. Therefore an outer elementR rotating in conjunction with an inner element S may be provided withprojections upon its outer surface and these projections disposed tosequentially enter and recede from recesses in another outer element Tin such manner that the lirst mentioned outer element becomes acombination of an inner and an outer element.

i'atel v cit-her as regards the operating fluid orl as regards the fluidor luids which ai'e being dealt with. Furthermore a combination orcombinations of such apparatus may he used wherein two or inore ot' suchapparatus are disposed so that they may drive or may lie driven by the.saine shaft or. adapted to act in conjunction with one anothcr either asregaids the fluid' operating the combination or combinations or as re.-gards the fluid or fluids which are being dealt with. When a combinationor combinations of lsuch apparatus is used as a motor or turbineoperated by a fluid such as steam or the like the disposition of thecombined apparatus may he so that the rotary moto-r or turbine is ot'the compound or triple expansion oi' quadruple expansion type or asdesired. ()r when apparatus in accordance with thisl invention is usedas a rotary niotor or turbine of the internal coinbustionltype singleapparatus or a combination or coinliil.

nations otsuch apparatustogether witlitlie necessary valves. ignitiondevices. connections or the like may be used acting upon thc four-cycleprinciple. or single apparatus or a combination or combinations of suchapparatus having charging or scavenging puinps or the like acting incommunication therewith together l with the necessary valves, ignitiondevices. connections or the like may be used acting upon the two-cycleprinciple, or a combination or combinations of such apparatus togetherwith the necessaiv valves. ignition devices, connections and the like inwhich one or more apparatus may be used as a compressor or compressorssupplying one or more apparatus adapted to utilize the expansion of theheated gases following ignition as a motive force and such iiiteiiialcombustion motors or turbines adapted as desired by means of valves orlike devices so that they may use either combustible gases o r vapors'or liquid fuels or other explosives.

1. i\pparatus for use as a fluid operated motor or turbine; or a rotarypump, gas compressor, vacuum pump, blowing engine, or thel like.comprising, an outer element having a series of equiangularly disposedrecesses, poi'ts in the outer element communicating with inlet andoutlet chambers for vthe fluid, an outer casing'for the outer element,inlet and loutlet chambers in said casing, a disk revolubly mounted inthe casing, ports in said disk adapted to put the ports in the outerelement in communicationV with the inlet and outlet chambers. an innerelement having a series of equiangularly disposed projections one lessin iiiuiiber than the i'ecesses in the outer element. said innerelement. rotating about its own centei' and `re volviiig relatively tothe outer element in a circular path about the center of thel outerelement, whereby the projections sequentially enter and recede from the,recesses and a series ot' opening and closing pockets for the lluidare-formedcommunicating with the inlet and outlet chambers.

2. In a rotary apparatus, in combination, 'asing providedwith recessesin the interior surface of its peripheral wall and a member mountedwithin said casing eccentric thereto provided with projections upon itsperiphery adapted to engage the said recesses, the number of recessesexceeding the number 0f projections b v.one` whereby pumping chambersare formed between. said casing and inner member, each of said 'chambersbeing constructed with suitable provision for ingress and egress offluid, means for causing relative rotary motion of said casing and innerinenibei'. the said parts being so constructed and arranged that duringsuch rotar v motion` emg'agenient between the inner surface of thecasing and the outer surface ot the inner member at points upon oppositesides of the ingress and egress of each pumping chamber is constantlymaintained.

3. In a rotary apparatus, the combination with an outer member of aninner member contained therein and eccentric thereto, said inner memberhaving three or more projections ormed with cylindrical surfaces of morethan semi-circular cross sections. and said outer member having a numberof recesses greater by one than the number ot' said In testimony whereofI allix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ERNEST FEUERHEERD. Witnesses:

vA. ROBERTO LEWIS, i ELIzAmH FORTUNE.

